1. UPVC/CPVC Piping System

 

1. Material characteristics

PVC is made of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) polymerization, PVC material has the characteristics of non-toxic, anti-aging and acid and alkali resistance, so it is very suitable for the use of chemical pipeline. A mixture of PVC raw materials with a certain amount of solid additives (no plasticizer) is called rigid polyvinyl chloride (UPVC).

CPVC is a polymer material made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) modified by chlorination again. After chlorination, the chlorine content of PVC resin is increased from 56.7 to 63-69%, which increases the chemical stability, thus improving the heat resistance, acid, alkali, salt, oxidant and other corrosion resistance of the material. Its thermal deformation temperature and mechanical properties are much higher than UPVC. Therefore, CPVC is one of the best engineering materials for industrial pipelines.

 

2. Introduction of pipeline system

UPVC and CPVC piping systems have the characteristics of corrosion resistance, impact resistance, not easy to deform, smooth inner wall, not easy to scale, good heat preservation, non-conductive, convenient bonding, and long service life. Therefore, the advantages of high cost performance and low construction cost are gradually replacing other metal pipeline systems, and the maintenance of UPVC and CPVC pipeline systems is convenient and fast, without long-term downtime and causing huge losses. Therefore, UPVC and CPVC pipeline systems are currently the primary choice for industrial pipeline design.

The maximum allowable use temperature of UPVC pipeline system is 60 ℃, and the long-term use temperature is 45 ℃. It is suitable for conveying some corrosive media with a temperature lower than 45 ℃; it can also be used for the transportation of ordinary pressure fluid, generally used in water supply and drainage pipelines, agricultural irrigation pipelines, environmental engineering pipelines, air conditioning pipelines, etc.

The maximum allowable use temperature of CPVC piping system is 110 ℃, and the long-term use temperature is 95 ℃. It is suitable for conveying hot water and corrosive media within the pressure range allowed by the standard. It is generally used in petroleum, chemical industry, electronics, electric power, metallurgy, papermaking, food and beverage, medicine, electroplating and other industrial fields.

 

3. Physical Performance

UPVC physical properties table

Project	Unit	Standard value	Test Method
Density	kg/m³	1350~1460	ISO 1183
Vicat softening temperature	℃	(Pipe) ≥ 80,(Fitting) ≥ 74	ISO 2507
Tensile strength	MPa	≥ 40	ISO 6259
impact strength	KJ/㎡	11.0	ISO 179
Longitudinal retraction rate	%	≤ 5	ISO 2505
Falling weight impact test (0 ℃)	TIR	≤ 10%	ISO 3127

 

CPVC Physical Performance Table

Project	Unit	Standard value	Test Method
Density	kg/m³	1450~1650	ISO 1183
Vicat softening temperature	℃	(Pipe) ≥ 110,(Fitting) ≥ 103	ISO 2507
Tensile strength	MPa	≥ 50	ISO 6259
impact strength	KJ/㎡	8.0	ISO 179
Longitudinal retraction rate	%	≤ 5	ISO 2505
Falling weight impact test (0 ℃)	TIR	≤ 10%	ISO 3127

 

4. Comparison Table of Operating Temperature and Operating Pressure of UPVC/CPVC Pipeline

This table shows the percentage of residual operating pressure with the increase of temperature when the operating pressure of UPVC/CPVC pipeline is 100 at normal temperature of 73℉(23 ℃).

 

℉	73	80	90	100	110	120	130	140	150	160	170	180	190	200	210
℃	23	27	32	38	43	49	54	60	66	71	77	82	88	93	99
UPVC(%)	100	90	75	62	50	40	30	22	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CPVC(%)	100	100	91	82	73	65	57	50	45	40	32	25	22	20	0

PS: For pipelines with threaded teeth, the UPVC part shall not exceed 110℉(43 ℃); the CPVC part shall not exceed 150℉(66 ℃).

 

UPVC/CPVC using temperature and operating pressure change table

 

2. PPR/PPH piping system

 

1. Material characteristics

PP-R is a copolymer (Poly Propylene Copolymer) polymerized from propylene monomer Propylene and ethylene monomer Ethene. Using advanced gas phase copolymerization process, PE polymerizes randomly and uniformly in the molecular chain of PP. This raw material is called PP-R (random copolymerization polypropylene).

PP-H is a homopolymer formed by Propylene polymerization of propylene monomer. It has a fine crystalline structure after β modification, which makes it have better chemical resistance, high temperature resistance and good creep resistance than PPR, and also has excellent impact resistance at low temperature. Therefore, it is more suitable for use in industrial piping systems.

 

2. Introduction of pipeline system

PPR and PPH piping systems are flexible, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, smooth inner wall, not easy to scale, good insulation, non-conductive, non-toxic, light weight and other characteristics.

The maximum allowable use temperature of PPR pipeline system is 95 ℃, and the long-term use temperature is 70 ℃. It is suitable for conveying some corrosive media with a temperature lower than 70 ℃; it can also be used for conveying common pressure hot and cold fluids, and is generally used for hot and cold water piping systems in civil buildings.

The maximum allowable use temperature of PPH pipeline system is 110 ℃, and the long-term use temperature is 90 ℃. Mainly used in industrial piping systems, it is suitable for process cooling water and chemical industry corrosion resistance medium transportation, but also widely used in steel mills (pickling, acid regeneration, acid mist), flue gas desulfurization, ion-exchange membrane caustic soda and other piping systems.

 

3. Physical Performance

PPR Physical Properties Table

Project	Unit	Standard value	Test Method
Density	kg/m³	900~920	ISO 1183
Vicat softening temperature	℃	≥ 91	ISO 2507
Tensile strength	MPa	≥ 25	ISO 6259
Impact strength (23 ℃)	KJ/㎡	40	ISO 179
Longitudinal retraction rate (135 ℃)	%	≤ 2	ISO 2505

 

PPH Physical Properties Table

Project	Unit	Standard value	Test Method
Density	kg/m³	905~915	ISO 1183
Vicat softening temperature	℃	≥ 95	ISO 2507
Tensile strength	MPa	≥ 27	ISO 6259
Impact strength (23 ℃)	KJ/㎡	50	ISO 179
Longitudinal retraction rate (150 ℃)	%	≤ 2	ISO 2505

 

4. Comparison Table of Operating Temperature and Operating Pressure of PPR/PPH Pipeline

 

℉	50	68	77	86	104	122	140	158	176	194	203	212	230
℃	10	20	25	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	95	100	110
UPVC(%)	100	100	100	85	70	55	40	27	15	8	0	0	0
CPVC(%)	100	100	100	92	76	65	56	44	35.5	31.5	27	18	0

 

PPR/PPH using temperature and operating pressure change table

 

3. PVDF piping system

 

1. Material performance

Polyvinylidene fluoride referred to as PVDF, it is the use of trifluoroethylene, hydrofluoric acid and zinc powder, such as the formation of monomer, and then the polymerization of white crystalline solid, is a homopolymer. It has good cold and thermal stability, chemical resistance and excellent physical and mechanical properties.

 

2. Introduction of pipeline system

PVDF pipe system allows the maximum use temperature of 200 ℃, can be used in the temperature range of -50 ℃ ~ 150 ℃ for a long time. It can withstand all salts, acids, alkalis, aromatics, halogens and other media except hydrochloric acid and strong solvents, and with its excellent corrosion resistance, unparalleled service life and high safety factor. Widely used in the harsh environment of high temperature, high pressure, low temperature, high vacuum and strong corrosion, is the better choice of industrial piping system.

 

3. Physical Performance

PVDF Physical Properties Table

Project	Unit	Standard value	Test Method
Density	kg/m³	1770～1790	ISO 1183
Vicat softening temperature	℃	≥ 165	ISO 2507
Tensile strength	MPa	≥ 40	ISO 6259
Impact strength (23 ℃)	KJ/㎡	≥ 160	ISO 179
Longitudinal retraction rate (150 ℃)	%	≤ 2	ISO 2505